Frequently Asked Questions

Section 1: Preparing for Your Baby's Health

Q1 Why is choosing a pediatrician recommended for a new baby instead of a family doctor?
A pediatrician is a medical professional who specializes in caring for children exclusively. Unlike a family doctor, who treats the whole family, a pediatrician devotes all their knowledge and expertise to children's health. Studies have even shown that family physicians may feel less equipped to provide care for children because their familiarity with child health issues is not as strong as a pediatrician's.
Q2 What kind of medical training and certification should I look for in a pediatrician?
A pediatrician graduates from medical school and completes a 3-year residency program specifically in pediatrics. You should also look for a doctor who is "board-certified," which means they have passed rigorous exams given by the American Board of Pediatrics. Board-certified pediatricians must also meet regular pediatric education requirements to stay up to date.
Q3 How is the vaccine schedule for infants decided?
The recommended vaccine schedule is the result of years of scientific study and data-gathering on millions of children by thousands of top scientists and physicians. Pediatric practices follow the schedule published by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP).
Q4 What is the very first vaccine my baby will receive?
According to the recommended schedule, the first vaccine your baby will receive is for Hepatitis B, which can be administered at birth.
Q5 How many "Well-Child" visits should I expect to schedule during my baby's first year?
The standard schedule for the first year includes eight routine visits: an initial visit after birth, followed by appointments at 2 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months.
Q6 What typically happens during a routine "Well-Child" visit?
During each visit, you can expect the pediatrician to perform a complete physical exam and a developmental assessment. These visits are also when your child will receive their scheduled immunizations and when we perform important health screenings.
Q7 What are some signs of a medical emergency I should be prepared for with a newborn?
You should call a doctor immediately or go to the emergency room if your infant (less than 2 months old) has a rectal fever greater than 100.5 degrees. Other emergency signs include signs of dehydration (like a dry mouth, sunken eyes, or no urination for over 8 hours), lethargy or difficulty waking your baby, and persistent, inconsolable crying that lasts for over two hours.
Q8 What is the process for setting up my baby's first doctor's appointment after they are born?
We are available to see newborn children following their hospital discharge. Simply call the office to schedule the appointment.
Q9 What insurance and administrative tasks do I need to handle for my baby's healthcare right after birth?
The two most important tasks are to contact your insurance company within the first 30 days of birth to add your newborn to your plan and to provide your baby's medical records (especially hospital immunization records) to your pediatrician prior to the first visit.
Q10 How do pediatric offices prevent healthy newborns from getting sick from other patients?
Many pediatric offices, including ours, have separate sick and well waiting areas. This ensures that children who are not sick have a place to wait away from sick children.
Q11 What is the pediatrician's role in monitoring my baby's growth and development?
At well child appointments from birth through childhood, the doctor performs growth measurements and developmental screenings to ensure your child is meeting important milestones.
Q12 What does the vaccination schedule look like for the first six months?
After the Hepatitis B vaccine at birth, the schedule includes vaccines at two, four, and six months to protect against Rotavirus, DTaP, IPV, HIB, and pneumococcal disease.
Q13 As a new parent, what can I expect from my relationship with my pediatrician?
Your pediatrician should be a partner in your child's care. You should expect them to honor your central role, respect that you know your child best, welcome your questions about your child's care, and provide clear instructions for how to care for your child at home.
Q14 Are there common newborn health issues I can learn about in advance?
Yes, our medical advice section provides guidance on how to handle non-urgent issues you may encounter. These include what to do for vomiting and diarrhea, such as continuing breastfeeding or using Pedialyte, and tips for constipation in infants older than four months, like using prune juice.
Q15 How important are timely vaccinations for my baby's health and the health of my community?
Timely vaccinations are critical. Vaccines are effective at preventing serious illness and saving lives. Following the recommended schedule is important for your child's health and the health of our community.
Q16 I have allergies, and I'm worried my baby might have them too. Is that possible?
Yes, it is possible. There is a genetic predisposition for allergies to occur in families. However, while food allergies are relatively common in babies, seasonal allergies are rare and do not typically develop until the child is two to three years old due to the need to be exposed repeatedly over a few seasons. Other environmental allergies can be seen in babies because of year round exposure, which can include dust mites, mold, and pet dander.
Q17 What exactly is an allergic reaction?
An allergic reaction is a physiological response that happens when the body's immune system reacts to a specific foreign substance (called an allergen) that was touched, inhaled, or eaten. Normally, the body defends against harmful things like viruses, but with allergies, the defenses attack usually innocuous substances like dust, mold, or pollen. This can cause symptoms in the eyes, skin, nose, stomach, throat, and lungs.
Q18 I'm worried about my baby getting their first cold. What causes colds, and can they be treated with antibiotics?
A cold is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. There are more than 200 different viruses that are known to cause colds. Because they are caused by viruses, antibiotics are not useful in treating colds, as antibiotics are meant to treat bacterial infections.
Q19 Newborn skin seems so sensitive. What are some common causes of skin rashes?
A rash is a reaction of the skin that can come from many things, such as an infection, a drug reaction, or an allergic reaction. Common rashes in children include eczema (atopic dermatitis) and irritant contact dermatitis, which happens from contact with something irritating like a soap, chemical, or detergent. Most people have experienced a rash before, likely including diaper rash as a baby.
Q20 As a new parent, how can I prepare for appointments to make sure I get all my questions answered?
To make the most of your time, it's helpful to inform the front staff of all your concerns when you schedule the appointment so they can allow the appropriate amount of time. During the visit, be sure to tell the doctor everything you know about your child's health, what your family needs, and let them know if any information or instructions are not clear.

Section 2: Adolescent & Teen Health

Q1 At what age should my teen transition from a pediatrician to an adult doctor?
Pediatricians can continue to provide care for young adults. We see patients up to 22 years of age, which is helpful for college students who may come home on a break and need to see their doctor.
Q2 My teen is active in sports. What kinds of sports-related injuries can a pediatrician manage?
Pediatricians can diagnose, treat, and manage many musculoskeletal and medical problems for teen athletes. This includes sprains and strains, dislocations, ligament injuries, minor fractures, overuse injuries, and tendonitis.
Q3 My teen plays contact sports, and I'm worried about concussions. Is this something a pediatrician treats?
Yes, the diagnosis, treatment, and management of concussions are services that pediatricians provide for young athletes.
Q4 What are the most important vaccines for pre-teens and teenagers?
At the 11-year-old well-visit, the Tdap and the first dose of the MenQuadfi vaccine are recommended. The HPV (Gardasil) vaccine series is also recommended to begin at age 11 or 12. A second dose of the MenQuadfi vaccine is then given at age 16.
Q5 Why is the HPV vaccine recommended?
The HPV vaccine is recommended for routine vaccination by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) in order to aid in prevention of multiple types of cancer. The earlier your child is vaccinated with the HPV vaccine, the stronger their immune response is. Pediatricians follow the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to maintain your child's health and safety, which includes this vaccination.
Q6 What preventative health screenings are recommended for teenagers?
Routine preventative screenings for adolescents include a cholesterol screening at age 11, regular TB risk assessments, and depression screenings, which typically begin at age 12 and continue through the teen years.
Q7 Why is depression screening part of a routine check-up for teens?
Screening for depression is part of a comprehensive developmental assessment. Pediatricians spend time addressing the psychosocial needs of children and their families as part of their overall healthcare.
Q8 Can my teenager attend their appointment alone?
Minors must be accompanied by an authorized adult. If a parent or guardian cannot be there, they must provide written authorization for the medical staff to provide non-emergency care.
Q9 What changes when my child turns 18?
Patients who are 18 or older are asked to complete a different registration form. As legal adults, their medical information is private and confidential.
Q10 Besides check-ups, what are some common adolescent health issues a pediatrician can help with?
Pediatricians can manage a wide range of issues common in adolescents. This includes the management of ADHD, skin rashes and other dermatological problems, asthma and allergies, and sports medicine concerns.
Q11 My teen athlete has seasonal allergies that seem worse when they exercise. Can a pediatrician help?
Yes, pediatricians can help manage exercise-related seasonal allergies in young athletes. Both of our pediatricians have a special interest in childhood asthma and allergies.
Q12 Is nutrition important for teen athletes?
Yes, and it is something a pediatrician can discuss with you. We help manage nutrition and supplement issues for children and teens involved in sports.
Q13 My teen has a rash that might be related to their sports equipment. What should we do?
You should see a pediatrician. We diagnose and treat athletic skin conditions. A rash from contact with an allergen is a form of allergic contact dermatitis.
Q14 How are injuries in teens different from adult injuries?
Injuries and conditions of the bones, muscles, ligaments, tendons, and joints experienced by young athletes can be very different than with adult patients. Pediatricians have specialized training and years of experience recognizing and treating childhood illnesses and conditions.
Q15 What if my teen just has a common illness like a sore throat?
A pediatrician is the best choice for any childhood illness. Most sore throats are viral, especially if they are associated with cold symptoms. However, strep throat should be ruled out if a fever, headache, or abdominal pain is also present.
Q16 How much notice do I need to give if my teen has to cancel an appointment?
You are required to provide at least 24-hour notice if you need to cancel or reschedule your appointment. This allows the office to see another child who is in need of care.
Q17 What happens if my teen misses an appointment without canceling?
Failure to cancel 24 hours in advance will result in a $40 "No Show" fee. This fee is charged directly to the guarantor and is not submitted to your health insurance.
Q18 Should my teen see a pediatrician or go to an urgent care clinic for a minor injury?
Your pediatrician's office is the best choice, as physicians and nurses at urgent cares may not have advanced training in pediatrics and may not be comfortable treating infants and young children. Your pediatrician knows your child, their medical history, and is an expert in treating children.
Q19 How are privacy and confidentiality handled for teenagers?
Pediatric practices value the privacy and confidentiality of their patients and families. As teens get older, this becomes an important part of their care, and once they turn 18, they are considered legal adults with full privacy rights over their medical information.
Q20 When can my teen return to sports after having mononucleosis?
Determining when it is safe for an athlete to return to play after an illness like mononucleosis is a decision a pediatrician can help you make.

Section 3: Discipline Principles

Q1 What is the difference between discipline and punishment?
Discipline is the way parents teach children what behavior is acceptable and unacceptable. It's an ongoing teaching process, not to be confused with punishment, which is a consequence for poor behavior.
Q2 I've heard about using 'time-out' for discipline. How does it work and for what ages is it best?
Time-out is a form of discipline that stops a child from performing an undesired behavior by "isolating" them for a short time. It gives the child a chance to consider what they have done. Time-outs are effective for managing aggressive and unwanted behaviors in toddlers and preschool-aged children.
Q3 How long should a time-out last?
A standard measure is one minute for each year of the child's age. For example, a 4-year-old should get a 4-minute time-out. Five minutes should be the maximum length for a time-out.
Q4 Where is the best place to have a time-out?
You should have a predetermined location for time-outs. Good places include a designated room, a crib or playpen, or specific chairs or corners of a room.
Q5 What is the correct way to start a time-out?
You should explain the reason for the time-out in very clear statements. It is not necessary to spank or yell at the child on the way to the time-out spot.
Q6 What should I do if my child refuses to go to time-out?
If the child is unwilling to go to the time-out spot on their own, you should take them there.
Q7 What if my child won't stay in the time-out spot?
The parent, not the child, controls when the time-out has ended. If the child leaves the time-out spot before the time is up, you should restart the clock.
Q8 How should I act towards my child when the time-out is over?
The child should be told when the time-out is over and can then resume their normal activities. After the time-out, the child should be treated normally; do not reprimand them again.
Q9 I feel like I'm always saying "don't." How can I use more positive language when disciplining?
It's helpful to try to exclude the word "don't" when disciplining. For instance, the next time your child throws a ball in the house, instead of saying "don't," you could try saying: "Wow, you threw that very far, but ball throwing is dangerous in here, so let's save it for outside".
Q10 What is the most effective way to praise my child for good behavior?
When your child does something good, be specific with your praise. Talk about the exact behavior you wish to reinforce, because this will help them remember what it is they did appropriately.
Q11 Can you give an example of specific praise?
Yes. For example, you could say, "Michael, you remembered your manners and said 'Thank You' without my asking. I am very proud of you," or "You did a terrific job helping me clean up these toys".
Q12 I feel like I'm only focused on what my child is doing wrong. How can I shift my perspective?
It's a common challenge. We often tell children what they are doing wrong, but it is important for them to also hear what they have done right. Make an effort to encourage all the positive things your child does, too.
Q13 Why does my praise for my child sometimes seem to stop working?
If you repeat the same praise too many times, it can lose its impact. It helps to be creative and use different positive words.
Q14 Is it normal to find discipline challenging as a parent?
Yes, knowing how to handle discipline can be a great challenge for parents.
Q15 Does a pediatrician's advice include discipline strategies?
Yes. Pediatricians are willing to listen and spend ample time addressing the psychosocial needs of children and their families. They can provide education as well as insight into your concerns.
Q16 Can a sense of humor help with parenting?
Yes, humor can lighten the office atmosphere and help children relax while gaining their trust and cooperation. At home, being silly and laughing more is a great way to remove stress for both you and your child.
Q17 Is it important for my child's other parent or guardian to be consistent with discipline?
Our pediatricians recommend a consistent approach to discipline for all parental parties involved.
Q18 What is the main goal of discipline in the toddler and preschool years?
The main goal is to teach your child and structure their behavior. Using techniques like time-out can help stop aggressive and unwanted behaviors while giving the child time to think about their actions.
Q19 Should discipline be serious all the time?
No. While discipline itself is a serious teaching tool, our pediatricians are not afraid to show a playful side and sense of humor. Wherever it may be, you can join in the fun when you child is being silly to create more happy memories.
Q20 What's the most important first step in using the time-out method?
The first step is to have a predetermined location for the time-out. This creates consistency and helps the child understand the process.

Section 4: Raising Happy, Healthy Kids

Q1 What are the benefits of physical activity and sports for my child?
Being an active participant in your child's play helps create great memories. Encouraging sports from an early age is also beneficial as it teaches teamwork and gives a child a sense of accomplishment.
Q2 How much does my own behavior influence my child's habits?
Children learn by example. If they see their parents constantly on the go, they'll be likely to do the same. Similarly, if you are an active person, your child will want to be active, too.
Q3 Our family schedule is so hectic. How can we build in time to relax and connect?
It's important not to plan every minute of the day, as children need breaks. Be flexible when the schedule allows. You can also model relaxation for your child by taking time to sit down and eat together and having meaningful conversations, which fosters healthy relationships.
Q4 What are some simple, fun activities I can do with my child to relieve stress and build happy memories?
Laughter is one way to remove stress. You can try making funny faces in a mirror together, having "tickle time," making animal noises and guessing the animals, or building a tent with a sheet and chairs to have a picnic in. We want children to have more happy memories than sad ones.
Q5 How can I protect my child from catching so many colds?
Proper hand washing is the best way to prevent colds among children. Most colds are spread through hand-to-hand contact. A cold virus can live on objects like doorknobs, books, and video game remotes for several hours.
Q6 Is it normal for my young child to get sick so often?
Yes, it is very common. The most frequent illness among children is the common cold. Statistics show that preschool-aged children get around nine colds per year, and kindergartners can have as many as 12 colds annually.
Q7 If my child seems perfectly healthy, is it still necessary to take them for their annual check-up?
Yes, regular well-child visits are important to ensure proper health care for your child. These visits follow the guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) to maintain your child's health and safety and include performing the proper screening tests at each stage of development.
Q8 My child is often constipated. Could their diet be the cause?
It's possible. Excessive milk or dairy intake in children over 1 year old can cause constipation. For older children, prune juice, white grape juice, apple juice, and fiber will help with constipation.
Q9 How can I show my child that I value their choices and opinions?
You can let your child control parts of the day. The child may choose to participate in different activities than you. It's good to give in and do something they want to do once in a while.
Q10 What is the most effective way to praise my child to build their confidence?
It's important to tell children what they have done right, not just what they are doing wrong. When you praise them, be specific about the behavior you wish to reinforce, as this will help them remember what they did appropriately.
Q11 Can you give an example of specific praise?
Yes, for instance: "Michael, you remembered your manners and said 'Thank You' without my asking. I am very proud of you" or "You did a terrific job helping me clean up these toys".
Q12 How can I tell if a fever is serious?
Most fevers are beneficial to help fight infection. A fever over 105 degrees where the cause is unknown is a reason to call your doctor immediately. However, a fever under 106 degrees does not damage a child's brain, and most can be safely observed and treated until the office opens.
Q13 My child has a cough. When should I be concerned?
A cough is a protective mechanism to clear mucus from the airway and doesn't always require treatment. You should be concerned if it inhibits sleep, produces vomit, or if your child has asthma, wheezing, and/or labored breathing.
Q14 What is croup?
Croup is a seal-like barking cough that is caused by a virus.
Q15 A child in my kid's class has chickenpox. What are the symptoms?
You should isolate your child from others until all lesions are crusted over. Call your doctor immediately for a stiff neck, severe headache, or any change in level of consciousness. Benadryl can be given for itching and Tylenol for fever.
Q16 What should I do for a bee sting?
You should place ice on the area. You can give Tylenol or Motrin for pain and Benadryl if there are complaints of itching.
Q17 When is a bee sting an emergency?
You should call immediately or go to the Emergency Room if wheezing, difficulty breathing, or throat or chest tightness occurs. You should also seek emergency care if the patient has had a previous allergic reaction to that insect or if the incident involves more than five stings.
Q18 What is the best way to treat an earache at home until we can see the doctor?
You can give Tylenol and/or Motrin to alleviate the pain and/or fever. You should call in the morning for an appointment, but go to an urgent care or ER if the pain is uncontrollable.
Q19 My child has an eye infection with drainage. What can I do?
You can apply a cool compress and gently wipe the drainage from the eye. You should call the office in the morning for an appointment.
Q20 What are the signs of dehydration?
The signs of dehydration are a dry mouth, sunken eyes, lethargy, and no urination for over 8 hours. If you see these signs, especially if your child also has a fever, vomiting, or diarrhea, you should call your doctor immediately.

Section 5: Common Childhood Illnesses

Q1 My child's cold started with clear mucus, but now it's thick and yellow. Does this mean they need an antibiotic?
Not necessarily. As a common cold advances, it is normal for the mucus secretions from the sinuses to become darker and thicker. Colds are viral infections, and antibiotics are not useful in treating them because antibiotics treat bacterial infections. However, if a secondary bacterial infection does develop in the sinuses, ears, throat, or lungs, an antibiotic would be required for treatment.
Q2 How can I tell if my child has allergies? What are the common symptoms?
Allergic reactions can appear in many ways. Common symptoms may include nasal stuffiness, sneezing, and an itchy or runny nose (rhinitis); red, itchy, dry skin (atopic dermatitis); or hives and itchy welts (urticaria).
Q3 What are the most common allergy triggers for children?
Hundreds of everyday substances can trigger allergic reactions. The most common triggers, called allergens, include tree, grass, and weed pollens; molds; dust mites; animal protein (from dander, urine, or skin oil); insect stings; and various foods.
Q4 How does a doctor test for allergies?
After a physical exam, a doctor may use a few methods. A skin test involves applying diluted solutions of specific allergens to a small scratch or puncture on the skin to see if a small red area appears. A blood test can also be used to gauge the child's level of antibodies to allergens.
Q5 My child has a rash. When should I be concerned?
While many rashes caused by viruses are not harmful and will disappear without treatment, some can be a sign of a serious illness, especially when combined with a fever. It's best to see your pediatrician promptly when you have a concern, as it can be difficult to know the exact identification of a rash.
Q6 My child has hives. Is that serious?
Hives (medical name: urticaria) can be dangerous because they can be a mark of a significant allergic reaction, which could mean the person needs immediate medical care.
Q7 What is the difference between eczema and other common rashes?
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common rash in children that causes dry, chapped, bumpy areas, often near the elbows and knees. Other rashes, like irritant contact dermatitis, happen from contact with an irritating chemical or soap, while allergic contact dermatitis is caused by contact with something the child is allergic to, like nickel in jewelry.
Q8 Should I always treat my child's fever with medicine?
Not always. Most fevers are beneficial and help the body fight infection. If your child is older than 2 months and is uncomfortable, you can give Tylenol. If a child is over 6 months old with a fever greater than 102 degrees or has significant pain, you may give Tylenol and/or Motrin.
Q9 I'm worried that a high fever could be dangerous for my child. Can it cause brain damage?
A fever under 106 degrees does not damage a child's brain. Most fevers can be safely observed and treated at home until the office opens, unless other emergent symptoms are present.
Q10 How can I tell if my child's sore throat might be strep throat?
Most sore throats are caused by a viral infection, especially if they are associated with cold symptoms. Strep throat is a bacterial infection that occurs 10-20% of the time and should be ruled out if the sore throat is accompanied by a fever, headache, and/or abdominal pain and vomiting.
Q11 Are colds dangerous for children?
Colds can be dangerous to newborns but are not considered dangerous to otherwise healthy children. Colds typically last 4 to 10 days and go away without treatment.
Q12 How long does a typical cold last?
Even though the respiratory viruses that cause a cold last for only about a week, most children can feel under the weather for longer. A mild cough is ordinary and could last for several days.
Q13 My child has a bad cough. When does a cough require treatment?
A cough is a protective mechanism that helps clear mucus from the airway. It doesn't require treatment unless it inhibits sleep, produces vomit, or if your child has asthma, wheezing, and/or labored breathing.
Q14 What is the best way to soothe a rash at home?
It is very important not to scratch the rash, as scratching may result in a longer healing time, infection, or a scar. For eczema, you can use special moisturizers called emollients. For general itching, you can try frequent Aveeno baths or use 1% hydrocortisone.
Q15 My child was on an antibiotic and developed a rash. What should I do?
If your child develops a rash while on an antibiotic, you should stop using the drug and call the office in the morning.
Q16 Can allergies develop later in life, or are they always present from birth?
Allergies can occur at any age, or they can recur after many years of remission. Frequently, the indications of allergies develop gradually over a period of time.
Q17 Is there any way to know if my child is prone to allergies?
There is a predisposition for allergies to happen in families. However, the specific genetic factors that cause allergies are not yet fully understood.
Q18 What is the difference between an allergy skin test and a blood test?
Skin tests provide faster results and are more specific than blood tests. However, a reaction to a skin test does not always mean your child is allergic to the substance that caused the reaction. A blood test, like the RAST test, is used to gauge the child's level of IgE antibodies to allergens in their blood.
Q19 Can a viral rash be harmful?
Many rashes caused by viruses will not cause harm to your child and will disappear over time without any treatment. However, since it can be difficult to tell rashes apart, you should see your pediatrician if you have a concern.
Q20 Can a headache be a symptom associated with a cold?
Yes. In the early stages of a cold, a headache and congestion are common symptoms. Your child may also have a sore throat and cough because of postnasal drip.